Housing Cooperatives Switzerland
According to the latest statistics from the Federal Office for Housing reported in October 2024, 3.9 percent of the apartments in Switzerland are owned by nonprofit housing developers. This relatively low percentage can be attributed to the significant urban/rural divide. Rural areas have few properties unaffected by speculation, whereas major cities and their metropolitan areas have concentrations of such properties. In Zurich, 27 percent of apartments are owned by nonprofit developers, which is higher than the Swiss average but still far from the 33 percent target set by the city of Zurich’s citizenry in 2011.
Housing cooperatives account for most of the apartments offered at cost-based rents, meaning without a required return on investment. In Zurich, this figure stands at 18 percent, or two-thirds of the nonprofit housing stock. Given the scarcity of apartments in the country’s metropolitan regions, there is an unquestionable need to make every effort to increase housing construction. Specifically, however, the building boom also raises questions. Can replacement construction, which involves demolishing affordable housing and destroying built resources, still be considered appropriate for our times? How much densification is possible without causing urban landscapes to lose their identity?
archithese looks back at the history and concepts of Swiss housing cooperatives, assesses the current situation, and examines three major contemporary projects in Zurich, Basel, and Lucerne that are being implemented primarily by cooperatives. We are featuring these projects because they are unconventional and experimental – and because they could point the way forward in the future. However, they only represent cooperative housing construction to a limited extent, because experimental housing remains the exception while building as many affordable apartments as possible remains the rule.
The Editors